Subpoena

What subpoena means

Put simply, subpoena definition is part of the working vocabulary of a civil case. The short definition above covers the usual meaning. Still, a specific rule, statute or contract can give it a narrower meaning. For that reason, check how it is used in your own documents.

Where subpoena definition comes up

For example, the term appears in these procedures:

• Subpoena (Fed. R. Civ. P. 45): a court command requiring a person — often a nonparty — to testify or produce documents.
• Motion to Quash or Modify a Subpoena (Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(d)(3)): a request asking the court to cancel or narrow a subpoena.

How to research the term

To research subpoena definition, begin with the rule, statute or contract where the word is used. Each one can give it a slightly different meaning. Then compare that text with how courts in your area have applied it. Also check the local rules of your court, since they can add requirements. If your case is in state court, the state rules control. So start with our state procedures guide to find them. In the end, always confirm that the source you rely on is current.

You can read the official rule text online for free.

Related legal terms

• Subpoena duces tecum: a subpoena that requires the person to produce documents or other things.
• Stipulation: an agreement between the parties on a procedural or factual matter, often filed with the court.
• Subject-matter jurisdiction: a court's power to hear a particular type of case. Federal courts can hear only the kinds of cases the Constitution and Congress allow.
• Sui juris: having full legal capacity to manage one's own affairs, as opposed to a minor or a person under guardianship.

Why precise terms matter

Courts read legal terms closely. As a result, knowing the exact meaning of a word helps you follow orders, rules and filings. Each glossary entry on Lawtopolis is short on purpose and links to the pages where the term is used.