How Every State Adopted the Uniform Commercial Code
The Uniform Commercial Code is a model law written by the Uniform Law Commission and the American Law Institute. It becomes law only when a state legislature enacts it — and every state has enacted it into its own statutes.
A model law that became state law
The UCC is not a federal statute. It is a uniform act that each state legislature enacts — often with its own changes — and codifies in the state’s statutes. When you cite the UCC in a real matter, cite your state’s enacted version (for example, a section of the state’s commercial code), not just the model section number.
Every state, with one well-known variation
Every state has enacted the Uniform Commercial Code, as have the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. States enact it article by article and sometimes with their own changes, so the section numbers and wording in your state’s code can differ from the model code.
Louisiana is the well-known exception: it has not adopted Article 2 (Sales) or Article 2A (Leases). Louisiana sales law is in its Civil Code, and leases of movables are governed by a separate state statute. Most states have also repealed Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), as the drafters recommended.
Where each state codified it
| State | Where the UCC is codified |
|---|---|
| Alabama | Code of Alabama 1975, Title 7 (Commercial Code) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Alaska | Alaska Statutes Title 45 (Trade and Commerce); UCC articles codified as chapters, e.g., AS 45.02 (Sales), 45.12 (Leases), 45.14 (Funds Transfers), 45.29 (Secured Transactions) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Arizona | Arizona Revised Statutes Title 47 (Uniform Commercial Code) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Arkansas | Arkansas Code Title 4 (Business and Commercial Law), Subtitle 1 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| California | California Commercial Code Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Colorado | Colorado Revised Statutes Title 4 (Uniform Commercial Code) Leases codified as Article 2.5 and funds transfers as Article 4.5. |
| Connecticut | Connecticut General Statutes Title 42a (Uniform Commercial Code) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Delaware | Delaware Code Title 6 (Commerce and Trade), Subtitle I (Uniform Commercial Code) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Florida | Florida Statutes Title XXXIX (Commercial Relations), chapters 669–680 (Uniform Commercial Code) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Georgia | O.C.G.A. Title 11 (Commercial Code) |
| Hawaii | Hawaii Revised Statutes Chapter 490 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Idaho | Idaho Code Title 28 (Commercial Transactions) |
| Illinois | 810 ILCS 5 (Uniform Commercial Code), within ILCS Chapter 810 (Commercial Code) |
| Indiana | Indiana Code Title 26 (Commercial Law), Article 1 (IC 26-1, Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Iowa | Iowa Code Chapter 554 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Kansas | K.S.A. Chapter 84 (Uniform Commercial Code) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Kentucky | KRS Chapter 355 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Louisiana | Louisiana Revised Statutes Title 10 (Commercial Laws) Louisiana has not adopted UCC Article 2 (Sales) or Article 2A (Leases); sales are governed by the Louisiana Civil Code (arts. 2438 et seq.). |
| Maine | Maine Revised Statutes Title 11 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Maryland | Maryland Code, Commercial Law Article, Titles 1–10 (Title 1 General Provisions through Title 9 Secured Transactions; Title 10 Effective Date and Repealer) |
| Massachusetts | Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 106 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Michigan | Michigan Compiled Laws Chapter 440 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Minnesota | Minnesota Statutes Chapter 336 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Mississippi | Mississippi Code Title 75 (Regulation of Trade, Commerce and Investments), Chapters 75-1 through 75-11 (UCC) |
| Missouri | Revised Statutes of Missouri Chapter 400 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Montana | Montana Code Annotated Title 30 (Trade and Commerce), Chapters 1–9A (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Nebraska | Nebraska Uniform Commercial Code (codified separately as 'UCC' sections, e.g., Neb. U.C.C. § 1-101) |
| Nevada | NRS Chapter 104 (Uniform Commercial Code—Original Articles) and Chapter 104A (Uniform Commercial Code—Additional Articles) |
| New Hampshire | RSA Chapter 382-A (Title XXXIV-A, Uniform Commercial Code) |
| New Jersey | N.J.S.A. Title 12A (Commercial Transactions) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| New Mexico | NMSA 1978 Chapter 55 (Uniform Commercial Code) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| New York | New York Uniform Commercial Code (Consolidated Laws ch. 38) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| North Carolina | N.C. General Statutes Chapter 25 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| North Dakota | North Dakota Century Code Title 41 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Ohio | Ohio Revised Code Title 13 (Commercial Transactions) |
| Oklahoma | Oklahoma Statutes Title 12A (Commercial Code) |
| Oregon | Oregon Revised Statutes Chapters 71–79 (Commercial Transactions; ORS ch. 71 'General Provisions for Uniform Commercial Code') |
| Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Title 13 (Commercial Code) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Rhode Island | R.I. General Laws Title 6A (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| South Carolina | S.C. Code of Laws Title 36 (Commercial Code) |
| South Dakota | SDCL Title 57A (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Tennessee | Tennessee Code Annotated Title 47 (Commercial Instruments and Transactions), Chapters 1–9 Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Texas | Texas Business and Commerce Code, Title 1 (Uniform Commercial Code) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Utah | Utah Code Title 70A (Uniform Commercial Code) Does not include Article 6 (Bulk Transfers), which most states have repealed. |
| Vermont | Vermont Statutes Title 9A (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Virginia | Code of Virginia Title 8.1A et seq. (Uniform Commercial Code; LII lists Titles 8.1A–8.11) |
| Washington | RCW Title 62A (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| West Virginia | W. Va. Code Chapter 46 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Wisconsin | Wisconsin Statutes Chapters 401–411 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| Wyoming | Wyoming Statutes Title 34.1 (Uniform Commercial Code) |
| District of Columbia | D.C. Code Title 28, Subtitle I (Uniform Commercial Code) |
Articles of the UCC
- Article 1 — General provisions and definitions
- Article 2 — Sales of goods; Article 2A — Leases
- Article 3 — Negotiable instruments
- Article 4 — Bank deposits and collections; Article 4A — Funds transfers
- Article 5 — Letters of credit
- Article 7 — Documents of title
- Article 8 — Investment securities
- Article 9 — Secured transactions
- Article 12 — Controllable electronic records (recent amendments, adopted in many but not all states)
Researching UCC adoption by state in your state
First, find the statute or rule that governs UCC adoption by state where you live. State law controls most of these questions, so the answer can change from one state to the next. Next, read recent decisions from the appellate courts in your state. They show how judges apply the law today. Also, check the local rules of the court that would hear your case. Our state procedures guide links to each state’s official rules. In addition, the Research Center explains how to confirm a source is still good law.
Sources and further reading
Official sources used on this page:
Related reading on Lawtopolis:
Sources
Official sources:
uniformlaws.org
Sources last reviewed: 2026-10-23
Lawtopolis provides legal information and education, not legal advice. Using this site does not create an attorney-client relationship. Laws and court rules vary by jurisdiction and change over time; verify every authority against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction about your situation.