Information
Information: In criminal law, a formal written accusation of a crime filed by a prosecutor, as distinguished from an indictment returned by a grand jury. In federal court, an offense punishable by death must be prosecuted by indictment, and an offense punishable by more than one year of imprisonment must be prosecuted by indictment unless the defendant waives it, in which case it may be prosecuted by information (Fed. R. Crim. P. 7(a)–(b)).
What information means
In practice, you will see information in pleadings, motions, orders and court rules. The definition above explains the general meaning. Even so, the meaning can shift with context. Therefore, always read it alongside the rule or document where it appears.
Where information comes up
The term is used across many kinds of cases. For example, you may see it in pleadings, motions and court orders. To see it in context, browse the motions and procedures library or the Learn the Law topics.
How to research the term
First, read the term where it actually appears. A rule, statute or court decision may define it for its own purposes. Next, check whether your court has a local rule that uses information in a special way. Then look at recent decisions from courts in your jurisdiction. They show how judges apply the term today. Also, remember that state law can differ from federal law. For that reason, use our state procedures guide to find your state’s rules. Finally, confirm every source is current before you rely on it.
You can read the current federal court rules online for free.
Related legal terms
- In propria persona: latin for "in one's own person." Appearing in court for yourself, without an attorney. Also called pro per or pro se.
- Individual: a single human being.
- Indorsement: a signature on an instrument made to negotiate it, restrict payment or incur indorser's liability.
- Informant: a person who gives information about suspected crime to law enforcement, often confidentially.
Why precise terms matter
Courts read legal terms closely. As a result, knowing the exact meaning of a word helps you follow orders, rules and filings. Each glossary entry on Lawtopolis is short on purpose and links to the pages where the term is used.
Sources
Sources last reviewed: 2026-10-24
Lawtopolis provides legal information and education, not legal advice. Using this site does not create an attorney-client relationship. Laws and court rules vary by jurisdiction and change over time; verify every authority against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction about your situation.