Natural person
A human being, as distinguished from an artificial person such as a corporation.
-
-
Artificial person
An entity, such as a corporation, that the law treats as a person with its own rights and duties, separate from the people who form or own it. Also called a juristic or juridical person.
-
Sui Juris and “Jurisdiction by Consent”
Sui juris is a real term for legal capacity. We have not found a court decision holding that a court needs a person’s consent to exercise the jurisdiction the law gives it; jurisdiction can be challenged through the procedural rules.
-
UCC-1 Filings Against Oneself or a “Strawman”
Financing statements are a real part of UCC Article 9. We have not found a court decision upholding a UCC-1 filed against oneself as creating rights or immunities.
-
“Accepted for Value,” Bills of Exchange and Debt Discharge
Acceptance and bills of exchange are real negotiable-instrument concepts. We have not found a court decision upholding an “accepted for value” stamp or a self-created bill of exchange as payment of a debt.
-
House Joint Resolution 192 (1933)
HJR 192 voided gold clauses and confirmed that U.S. currency, including Federal Reserve notes, is legal tender. We have not found a court decision upholding the use of HJR 192 to discharge a debt without payment.
-
Birth-Certificate Bonds and the “Secret Treasury Account”
We have not found a statute creating an account tied to a birth certificate, or a court decision allowing anyone to draw on one.
-
Gold-Fringed Flags and “Admiralty Court”
Admiralty law is real. We have not found a statute or court decision giving a flag’s fringe any effect on a court’s jurisdiction.
-
Private-Trust Claims vs Real Trust Law
Trusts are real and powerful tools under state law. We have not found a court decision holding that placing yourself or your property in a private trust makes you immune from courts, creditors or taxes.
-
“Vapor Money” — “The Bank Didn’t Lend Real Money”
Banks do create deposits when they lend. We have not found a court decision holding that this cancels a borrower’s promise to repay.