Restraining order
Restraining order: A court order that tells a person to do, or more often not to do, something. For example, in a civil case a court may issue a temporary restraining order (TRO), a short-term emergency order under Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b), and then hold a hearing on a preliminary injunction. In addition, state laws let courts issue protective or restraining orders against domestic violence, stalking and harassment. Also, under federal law, other states, tribes and territories must honor and enforce a protection order that a court with jurisdiction issued after reasonable notice and an opportunity to be heard (18 U.S.C. § 2265).
What restraining order means
Put simply, restraining order is part of the working vocabulary of a civil case. The short definition above covers the usual meaning. Still, a specific rule, statute or contract can give it a narrower meaning. For that reason, check how it is used in your own documents.
Where restraining order comes up
For example, the term appears in these procedures:
- Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) (Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b)): an emergency request for a short-term order, sometimes without notice to the other side, to prevent immediate and irreparable harm.
- Motion for a Preliminary Injunction (Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(a)): a request for an order that preserves the situation while the case is decided.
How to research the term
To research restraining order, begin with the rule, statute or contract where the word is used. Each one can give it a slightly different meaning. Then compare that text with how courts in your area have applied it. Also check the local rules of your court, since they can add requirements. If your case is in state court, the state rules control. So start with our state procedures guide to find them. In the end, always confirm that the source you rely on is current.
You can read the official rule text online for free.
Related legal terms
- Irreparable harm: harm that money damages cannot adequately fix after the fact.
- Bond: has several meanings.
- Verified complaint: a complaint whose allegations are sworn to or declared true under penalty of perjury.
- Ex parte: latin for "from one side." An action, application or communication by or for one party without the other party present or notified.
- Preliminary injunction: an order issued during a case, after notice, to preserve the situation until the case is decided.
Why precise terms matter
Courts read legal terms closely. As a result, knowing the exact meaning of a word helps you follow orders, rules and filings. Each glossary entry on Lawtopolis is short on purpose and links to the pages where the term is used.
Sources
Sources last reviewed: 2026-10-24
Lawtopolis provides legal information and education, not legal advice. Using this site does not create an attorney-client relationship. Laws and court rules vary by jurisdiction and change over time; verify every authority against the official source and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction about your situation.