The Second Amendment & firearms law

The Second Amendment protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms. The Supreme Court has held that this is an individual right and that it applies to the states. Even so, the right is not unlimited, and federal, state and local laws regulate who may own a gun and where it may be carried.

Firearms law has changed quickly. For example, since 2022 courts decide challenges by asking whether a law fits the nation’s historical tradition of firearm regulation. In addition, 29 states now allow permitless carry, while 21 states and D.C. still require a permit. Because the rules change often, every guide shows when its sources were last checked.

Our guides start with the text and the Supreme Court cases. Next come the federal statutes, the list of people who may not own a gun, and background checks. Then come concealed carry permits, reciprocity, traveling with a gun and red flag laws.

Each guide quotes the constitution, statute or court decision it relies on and links to the source. For instance, you can read the federal statutes in the United States Code. This section is legal information for education, not legal advice. For a real situation, talk to a licensed attorney in your state.

Start with the Second Amendment text and meaning, then read the carry permits guide. The glossary defines terms such as permitless carry, prohibited person, NICS and red flag law. However, state and city laws differ widely, so always check the current law where you are.